American culture generally embraces negotiation as a sign of assertiveness and business acumen. Whether in business, consumer markets, or interpersonal dealings, negotiation is framed as a valuable skill rather than an undesirable or uncomfortable act. Literary characters, cinematic figures, and everyday expressions all highlight the cultural expectation that Americans should negotiate for the best possible outcome, reinforcing the idea that ‘everything is negotiable.’
“Greed is good”
The movie Wall Street presents a quintessential depiction of high-stakes, aggressive American negotiation tactics through the character of Gordon Gekko. In a pivotal scene, Gekko confronts Bud Fox, instructing him on the art of the deal. Gekko uses assertive language, rapid decision-making, and financial incentives to manipulate Fox, emphasizing the mantra ‘Greed is good.’ The negotiation style is transactional, focused solely on maximizing personal gain without regard for ethical considerations.
Iran Nuclear Deal (2015)
The negotiation between the U.S., Iran, and other global powers aimed to limit Iran’s nuclear capabilities in exchange for lifting economic sanctions. The U.S. negotiators prioritized a clear bottom line while maintaining enough flexibility to adjust terms as the negotiation progressed, a strategy that underscores the American focus on securing practical, enforceable agreements.
China Trade Negotiations (2018-2020)
The American administration engaged in intense trade negotiations with China, emphasizing tariffs and economic leverage to force concessions. The American approach was aggressive and transactional, characterized by rapid shifts in demands and a strong focus on closing the deal.
laissez-faire capitalism
The American faith in market forces was solidified during the Gilded Age, a period characterized by rapid industrialization, economic expansion, and laissez-faire capitalism. Entrepreneurs like John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie amassed vast fortunes through aggressive pricing strategies, demonstrating that the market, not moral or ethical considerations, was the ultimate arbiter of value.
Gordon Gekko
In the classic film Wall Street (1987), Gordon Gekko’s character embodies the American negotiating ethos with the infamous phrase ‘Greed is good.’ His approach to business is unapologetically transactional, with aggressive negotiation tactics depicted as a sign of strength and success. Similarly, in ‘The Godfather’ (1972), Don Vito Corleone’s strategic deal-making showcases the cultural expectation of negotiating for the best possible outcome, regardless of the moral implications.
“Run it up the flagpole”
“Run it up the flagpole.” To test an idea to see if it gains support. This iterative, informal testing of positions reflects a flexible, exploratory approach common in American business culture, often when in negotations.
Don Corleone
In The Godfather (1972), Don Vito Corleone’s strategic deal-making showcases the cultural expectation of negotiating for the best possible outcome, regardless of the moral implications.
Civil Rights Negotiations (1950s-1960s)
Martin Luther King Jr. negotiated numerous agreements with local and federal governments, emphasizing nonviolent resistance and moral persuasion. His approach was ethical, patient, and deeply focused on gaining moral authority, influencing public opinion as well as political leaders.
dark, ruthless
In The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck (1939), the Joad family arrives in California during the Great Depression, seeking work. They encounter a contractor who offers them substandard wages, knowing they are desperate. The contractor leverages the Joads’ desperation to dictate the terms of employment, setting up a classic power imbalance. Despite the unfair terms, the Joads have no leverage to negotiate, highlighting the stark economic realities of the time. The focus on exploiting power dynamics, leveraging scarcity, and driving a hard bargain without regard for fairness reflects the darker, more ruthless side of American negotiation culture.