Benjamin Franklin played a pivotal role in negotiating the Treaty of Paris, which ended the American Revolutionary War. His charm, diplomacy, and strategic use of alliances were key to securing favorable terms from Britain. Franklin emphasized common interests over conflicts, demonstrating a patient, persuasive, and strategic approach to negotiation.
The Sorrows of Young Werther by Goethe (1774)
In a conversation between Werther and Albert, Lotte’s fiancé, the two men discuss love, duty, and rational decision-making. Albert presents his perspective calmly and rationally, emphasizing order, moral responsibility, and societal norms. Werther, driven by passion and emotion, struggles to argue against Albert’s logical stance. Albert embodies the structured, rational communication style typical of German negotiating logic, emphasizing reason over emotion.
structured, fact-focused
In Tatort, a long-running German crime series, negotiation scenes between police detectives and suspects often highlight the German preference for logical, methodical questioning. Detectives maintain a calm, detached demeanor, presenting evidence step-by-step to systematically dismantle the suspect’s alibi. Emotional appeals are minimal, with a strong emphasis on factual analysis and procedural accuracy. This structured, fact-focused negotiation style is emblematic of the German approach to interrogation.
“Erst die Arbeit, dann das Vergnügen”
First work, then pleasure. In German negotiation logic, factual clarification comes first. Small talk and personal relationships play a secondary role. Only when the work is done can you move on to relationship building.
The Tin Drum
The Tin Drum by Günter Grass (1959). Oskar Matzerath negotiates a deal with a photographer to stage various emotionally charged scenes for financial gain. Oskar is cold, calculated, and businesslike, clearly outlining the terms of each staged photograph and negotiating a precise payment structure. The photographer, however, is unnerved by Oskar’s dispassionate, methodical approach. The focus on detailed terms and rational calculations reflects a distinctly German emphasis on order, clear expectations, and financial accountability.
Stasi officer
Weissensee, set in East Berlin during the 1980s, features a tense negotiation between a Stasi officer and a political dissident. The officer maintains a calm, measured tone, systematically presenting the dissident with evidence of alleged crimes. The negotiation is structured like a formal interrogation, with the officer adhering strictly to protocol and emphasizing the consequences of non-compliance. The scene illustrates the German tendency to prioritize structure, logical consistency, and procedural adherence.
Sachlichkeit
The German term Sachlichkeit conveys the concept of objectivity; focus strictly on the matter, not the people involved. It is culturally significant because emotions are seen as inappropriate in decision-making and negotiations; facts come first.
Feilschen
Expressions such as Was kostet die Welt? (What does the world cost?) convey a dismissive attitude toward price discussions, implying that serious and respectable people should not concern themselves with trivial cost negotiations. Additionally, the term Feilschen (to haggle) often carries a negative connotation, suggesting pettiness, desperation, or a lack of class.
Social Order
German cultural norms prioritize order, transparency, and fairness in business transactions, leaving little room for price bargaining. Historical influences, literary depictions, cinematic portrayals, and everyday expressions all reinforce the notion that negotiating prices is undignified, unnecessary, and even untrustworthy. The emphasis on fixed pricing reflects a deeper cultural preference for predictability and social order, making price negotiation an unwelcome practice in many German settings.
Comfort Level
Americans have a high comfort level when negotiating over price. They consider it to be a sign of assertiveness, resourcefulness, and business acumen.