Managing Sensitive Issues Through Circumlocution: Government discourse on sensitive topics, such as wartime history or social reforms, avoids open confrontation. Instead, officials employ circumlocution, euphemisms, and indirect phrasing to maintain consensus and social order.
history
French Army World War I
A French soldier communicating with a telephone hand set, at a communications point in the field. He holds a smoking pipe in one hand. An officer comes, sits down, and writes in small field notebook. Location: France. Date: 1916.
Irony and Subtext
French Literary Techniques – Irony and Subtext. Analysis of how French literature’s iconic use of irony and subtext reflects cultural preferences for indirect communication and layered meanings:
Voltaire wit and irony
Voltaire’s literary and philosophical works used irony and euphemistic criticism to subtly challenge authority and provoke intellectual debate:
pure wine
Jemandem reinen Wein einschenken. To serve someone pure wine.
This expression originates from the Middle Ages, when innkeepers added various ingredients to their wine (e.g. sulphur, acetic clay, water, etc.) and sold it as wine. In this way, the innkeeper could make even more out of the limited supply of wine. Only if he poured real wine, as he claimed, was he telling the truth.
“For the first time I understand the Germans”
The history of Germany, as well as the historical consciousness of the German people, continue to impress and attract me. Today, just as strongly as a quarter century ago. You need only to go into a bookstore in Germany. Their books are not only solid, well bound and have great covers. The Germans have a very special relationship to books. There are always many older and newer publications about history, about their history. For those Germans who want to know their history there will never be a shortage of opportunities.
Every city in Germany, large and small, has museums in which history, but not only theirs, is told, is kept alive and relevant. In my early years in Berlin and Bonn I was astounded by how many fascinating and well-made documentary films were shown on German television. There was never a day without at least one in the evening. The German language is worth learning if only to read their books, to visit their museums, and to watch their documentaries. Although not a documentary, but one with the look and feel of one, was Heimat, by Edgar Reitz.
It was the summer of 1992. I watched episode for episode of Heimat. My eyes were glued to the television, my mind racing to understand every word, to pick up on as many nuances as possible. What an opportunity for me to gain insight in Germany of that time period, between the world wars. Time and again I had to turn to my then German wife to get the meaning of this or that word, for the dialogue was in the dialect of that region of Germany, the Hunsrück, along the Moselle River, between Trier and Koblenz. After every episode I was in a kind of trance, reflecting about what I had just taken in.
Then another time. I was in the car. Driving through Bonn. Evening. I turned on the radio. Deutschlandfunk. A book review was being read. It was about the immediate post-war years in then West Germany. The first sentences grabbed my attention. They flowed: complex, clear, rich, full of substance, critical, analytical, yet elegant. That feeling had come back, from when I was a student at Georgetown. History. German History. The history of another people. In another part of the world. And when I read the books by John Lukacs. Trance.
The reader continued. I was captured, drove further, but as if on a soft cloud just a few inches above the road. I think of the many war memorials in Germany. When I walk or ride my bicycle down the hill from the Venusberg in Bonn to the former government quarter on the Rhine, I pass through Kessenich where there is such a memorial.
It’s round, cement, encircling a lovely oak tree. Six pillars about eight feet high. Plenty of space between them to step in and out. The tops of all eight crowned – or held together – by a cement ring providing the tree with space to stretch out its branches. Just below the top each of the eight the face in cement of a German soldier with the iconic German steel helmet from the World War I.
Chiseled into the pillars, from the top to just about the bottom, are the names of the men who died in the two world wars. Six pillars, three sides each. Longs lists. Names. Of men, and boys, from that part of Bonn, from the neighborhood. Yes, boys, many no older than seventeen or eighteen years old. Sad. Especially sad for me, as one of five Magee boys, to read the same last names. Meyer. Schmitz. Leyendecker. Two, three, sometimes four of the same last names. Brothers. Cousins.
Imagine the deep, deep sadness of the mothers and fathers who saw their boys go off to war only to kill and be killed. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. Four long years for an entire continent. Then on the other sides of the pillars. 1939. 1940. 1941. 1942. 1943. 1944. 1945. Many of the same names. The sons and nephews of those fallen between 1914 and 1918. The Germans suffered, too.
“For the first time I understand the Germans.”
Gesellschaftsvertrag
The German cultural Gesellschaftsvertrag reflects a deep-rooted social contract philosophy that traces back to the Middle Ages. Historically, German nobility saw themselves as responsible caretakers of their people. In exchange for loyalty, work, and taxes, they provided security and social stability. This legacy shaped German business ethics, emphasizing that companies are not purely profit-driven entities focused solely on shareholder value.
In contemporary German business culture the Gesellschaftsvertrag or social contract signifies that the primary responsibility of companies is first to their employees—to keep them employed and protected. The next priority is serving and contributing to the wider society, followed closely by fulfilling duties to customers and suppliers. Only after these responsibilities are met do shareholders’ interests come into priority. This hierarchy illustrates an ethos where social responsibility and care for people underpin business decisions.
This cultural framework aligns with German business values such as social responsibility, corruption-free operations, formal structures, clear roles, long-term relationships, and sustainability. German companies often adopt a collaborative approach with strong legal and ethical boundaries. Corporate social responsibility is taken seriously, encouraged by both internal company practices and external regulations.
The German Gesellschaftsvertrag embodies a traditional and modern blend of legal structure and ethical social obligations—a social contract where business success is tied fundamentally to the well-being of employees, society, and sustainable partnerships, not just shareholder profits. This perspective is a distinctive and influential part of Germany’s corporate culture and legal business environment.
“… when not to obey”
Here are two famous quotes illustrating the German/Prussian military tradition emphasizing the need for officers to exercise judgment even if it means disobeying orders:
The first historic anecdote involves Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, a Prussian cavalry commander, who reportedly told his king during the Battle of Zorndorf (1758): “Tell the King that after the battle my head is at his disposal, but meanwhile I will make use of it.” This reflects the attitude that obedience alone is not enough; an officer must think critically and may need to disobey orders for the greater good.
Another related quote references a Prussian officer being told by Prince Frederick Charles (1868-1940): “His Majesty made you a Major because he believed you would know when not to obey his orders.“ This illustrates the principle that obedience has limits and military leaders must sometimes disobey orders based on the situation.
These quotes capture the essence of Auftragstaktik, the Prussian concept of mission-type orders, where the officer is entrusted with the freedom to decide the best way to achieve the goal.
German inventions
Did you know that these ten important everyday items were actually invented by Germans? From transportation to information technology, Germany made some of the most crucial inventions of our time!
YouTube comments:
“Fritz Haber invented the Haber-Bosch process which converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia needed for fertilizers which aided in feeding millions. Unfortunately, the same process was used in the war effort in WW1.”
“Helmut Gröttrup was not only co-inventor of the smart card, but also an outstanding rocket engineer. During World War II, he worked in the German A4 (aka V-2) rocket program under Wernher von Braun. From 1946 to 1950 he headed a group of 170 German scientists who were forced to work for the Soviet rocketry program under Sergei Korolev.”
“Thanks for the Aspirin!”
League of Nations
U.S. Refusal to Join the League of Nations (1919): After World War I, President Woodrow Wilson negotiated the Treaty of Versailles, which included the League of Nations. However, the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the treaty, and the United States never joined the League, demonstrating a reluctance to commit to binding international agreements that could limit national autonomy.