Die Mülltrennung. A German household separates paper, glass by colour, packaging, organic waste and residual waste, into separate bins with separate collection schedules. The system assumes materials retain value after use, and asks every household to preserve it.
How are you
Wie geht’s? in German is a question, and it is answered. Not well, thanks — but an actual report, which may include the back, the weather, the traffic and the state of the department.
The English greeting of the same shape is not a question and is not answered. The German one is, which is why Germans answering it in English conversation produce more information than was wanted.
The specialist physician
Becoming a Facharzt takes five to six years of full-time hospital work, following six years of basic medical training.
Each state’s Weiterbildungsordnung specifies the minimum content and duration for every specialty. All training periods must be recorded in a logbook and confirmed by the supervising trainer, after which the doctor registers for the specialist examination before the state medical association.
Eleven or twelve years before the title. The German patient asking for a Facharzt is asking for that, and knows it.
The target agreement
Die Zielvereinbarung. German employment practice fixes objectives for the year in a documented conversation, often with a bonus attached, and reviews them at the year’s end.
Agreed once, assessed once. Between those two points the manager is not scheduled to ask how it is going.
The word is an agreement rather than an assignment — the objectives are negotiated and signed by both, which is part of why they are not revisited every fortnight.
Nothing is thrown away twice
German waste law runs on a hierarchy written into statute: avoidance first, then preparation for reuse, then recycling, then other recovery including energy, and disposal last.
Disposal is the fifth of five options, and the order is the law rather than guidance. A German organisation deciding what to do with anything starts at the top of that list.
Saying it to the face
Ins Gesicht sagen — to say to the face. Offen aussprechen — to speak out openly. Kein Blatt vor den Mund nehmen — to take no leaf before the mouth, meaning to speak without covering.
And the opposite: hintenherum, behind-around, and hinter dem Rücken, behind the back. Both are accusations.
The German objection is not to being criticised in front of others. It is to being criticised where you cannot answer.
The conciliation board
Die Einigungsstelle. Where a German employer and works council cannot agree on a matter subject to co-determination, either may call a conciliation board — an equal panel with a neutral chair whose decision binds. The deadlock has a named institution attached to it, and using it is normal rather than hostile.
The principle of unequal treatment
Das Imparitätsprinzip. The principle of unequal treatment. Risks and losses are booked when they become likely. Gains are booked only when realised. The asymmetry is deliberate and named. The German accounting system treats bad news and good news differently on purpose.
Dismissal protection
Das Kündigungsschutzgesetz. Dismissal protection applies in German establishments with more than ten employees, after six months of service. From that point a dismissal requires a legally recognised ground. The employer must justify the dismissal. The burden does not sit with the employee.
Subsumption
German legal method teaches a formal syllogism, called Subsumtion: state the rule, establish the facts, apply the one to the other. Law students are drilled in it, and examination answers are marked on whether the structure was followed. Deduction is taught as a procedure with a name.