Japanese decision-making combines hierarchical authority with consensus processes. Hierarchy is real—senior figures have authority and bear responsibility. But decisions typically emerge from below through consultation processes and are shaped by many participants before reaching senior approval. Seniors ratify what organizational process has developed rather than deciding unilaterally.
The senior who decides without process and the subordinate who circumvents hierarchy both violate norms. When working in Japanese hierarchical contexts, respect both elements: build consensus through proper process while ensuring decisions receive appropriate hierarchical approval.
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