In a 2014 chapter, “The Functions of Silence in India,” Nemi C. Jain and Anuradha Matukumalli describe how silence is read in India. It can be a sign of interpersonal sensitivity, mutual respect, dignity, affirmation or wisdom. It keeps harmony and avoids conflict. It can also punish.
In Gandhi’s satyagraha, they write, silence communicated self-restraint, patience and protest.