In 1997 one of the largest cases of falsified research in German medicine came to light. In response, the German Research Foundation, the DFG, wrote a memorandum on good scientific practice in 1998 and appointed an ombudsman in 1999. In 2019 the memorandum was replaced by a code of 19 guidelines. Every university must turn the code into its own binding rules. The code states plainly: Einrichtungen, die die Leitlinien nicht umsetzen, erhalten keine Fördermittel. (Institutions that do not implement the guidelines receive no funding.) The University of Potsdam, for example, announced that it had to adapt its statute on Selbstkontrolle in der Wissenschaft, self-control in science.