Since the federalism reform of 2006, the Basic Law has kept the federal government out of the states’ school policy, in particular by not allowing it to finance education measures. Germans call this the Kooperationsverbot, the ban on cooperation. To let federal money flow into school digitalization, the Basic Law had to be amended. The Bundesrat approved the change unanimously on 15 March 2019. Even now, the federal government may help the states only with investments in municipal education infrastructure and with temporary spending directly tied to them. In a 2020 survey by the ifo Institute, 60 percent of respondents said the federal government should in principle make the important decisions in education policy.