In Germany a doctorate is not complete when the oral exam is passed. The thesis must first be published. The University of Göttingen states the rule plainly: Vorher darf der Doktorgrad nicht geführt werden. Before that, the doctoral degree may not be used. Göttingen allows two years after the oral exam. At LMU Munich, a candidate who chooses conventional printing must deliver 80 copies, the Pflichtexemplare. If the final, extended deadline passes, the rights earned by the exam lapse.