In classic Hindi film music, Goan musicians worked as arrangers for the composers. The composer appeared “under the designation ‘music director’ in large type in the credits.” The arrangers were listed in small print. One of them, Frank Fernand, said: “We arrangers did all the real work.”
Sebastian D’Souza, for example, was a permanent assistant to the composers Shankar and Jaikishan from 1951 to 1975.