On February 23, 2011, the University of Bayreuth withdrew the doctorate of Defense Minister Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg. He resigned on March 1, 2011. In May 2011, a university commission found that he had grossly violated the standards of good scientific practice and had deceived on purpose. In February 2013, a faculty council in Düsseldorf voted 12 to 2 that Education Minister Annette Schavan’s doctoral thesis was invalid, and she resigned. Family Minister Franziska Giffey resigned on May 19, 2021. On June 10, 2021, the Free University of Berlin withdrew her doctorate. Giffey later became Governing Mayor of Berlin.