From 2004, China bought high-speed train technology from Bombardier, Kawasaki, Alstom and Siemens and built the trains at home under technology transfer. These trains carried the name Hexie, Harmony. The CRH2 was based on the Japanese Shinkansen E2-1000, and the CRH3C on the Siemens Velaro.
In 2008, a joint plan of the ministries of science and railways built on the “digestion, absorption and re-innovation” of the imported technology. On June 26, 2017, the first trains of a Chinese standard design ran between Beijing and Shanghai. The day before, they had been named Fuxing, Rejuvenation.