The Gosei , five reflections, are questions for self-examination from the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in Etajima. The first reads: Shisei ni motoru nakarishi ka . Have I not gone against utmost sincerity? The others ask whether one has been ashamed of one’s words and deeds, lacked spirit, regretted one’s effort, or been lazy.
The questions were devised by the academy’s superintendent, Matsushita Hajime. The tradition passed on to the Maritime Self-Defense Force.