New books in Germany have fixed prices by law. One exception is the Mängelexemplar, the defective copy. A book with visible damage or faults may be sold below the fixed price. It must be marked, usually with a stamp reading Mängelexemplar on the bottom edge of the pages. The publishers’ and booksellers’ association adds the reverse rule. A new book stamped as defective without actually being soiled, damaged or otherwise faulty may not be sold below the fixed price.