A German who sells a used car often asks first what the car is worth nach Schwacke. The Schwacke list first appeared on 15 November 1957. It gives the residual value of used vehicles by model, year, equipment and mileage, independent of the condition of the single car. People call it simply Schwacke. Banks use it to decide how much they will lend against a car. The Deutsche Automobil Treuhand, the DAT, was founded in 1931 by the associations of the car industry and the car trade. It also publishes used-car valuations and forecasts of residual values.