In the 16th century, the Franciscan Bernardino de Sahagún described a small hill “que se llama Tepeacac.” He added: “y los españoles llámanle Tepeaquilla, y ahora se llama Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe” (and the Spaniards call it Tepeaquilla, and now it is called Our Lady of Guadalupe).
According to a book of UNAM’s Institute of Historical Research, Sahagún reports that the people “tenían un templo dedicado a la madre de los dioses que la llamaban Tonantzin” (had a temple dedicated to the mother of the gods, whom they called Tonantzin).