In 2002 Ferdinand Piëch, then chairman of Volkswagen’s board of management, drove a concept car from Wolfsburg to Hamburg. The study was called 1L, for one liter of fuel per 100 kilometers.
The production version was the XL1, a plug-in hybrid. Volkswagen expected it to use 0.9 liters per 100 kilometers. It weighed 795 kilograms, and its drag coefficient was about 0.19. A limited production began in 2013, at a price from 111,000 euros. Sources differ on the number built, 200 or 250.