Article 283 of Mexico’s Code of Military Justice states: “Comete el delito de insubordinación el militar que con palabras, ademanes, señas, gestos o de cualquier otra manera, falte al respeto o sujeción debidos a un superior” (A soldier commits the crime of insubordination who, with words, gestures, signs or in any other way, fails in the respect or submission owed to a superior).
Article 285 sets the penalties for insubordination in service. The first is one year and six months in prison “si se hiciere por medio de palabras o ademanes” (if it is done by words or gestures).