Edicts of Self-Blame

A zuiji zhao (罪己诏) was an edict in which a Chinese emperor admitted his own faults and changed his policies. Emperor Wen of Han issued the first formal one. The last came from the Xuantong Emperor of the Qing, after the 1911 revolution broke out.

The scholar Xiao Han counted these edicts in the Twenty-Five Histories. He found 79 emperors who had issued one.

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