On 14 February 1967, at the suggestion of economics minister Karl Schiller, representatives of the state, the unions, the employers and academic economists met for the first time in a Konzertierte Aktion, a concerted action. The purpose was to coordinate what each side did in economic and social policy. It never became a permanent institution. In 1977 the unions left in protest, because the employers’ associations had challenged the new co-determination law before the constitutional court. In 2022, with prices rising after Russia’s attack on Ukraine, Chancellor Olaf Scholz brought the format back. The first meeting took place on 4 July 2022. Scholz called it a good step to continue diese wichtige Tradition der Sozialpartnerschaft, this important tradition of social partnership. He described its method as Unterhaken, linking arms.