On January 21, 2019, Xi Jinping spoke at a study session for provincial and ministerial leaders on “upholding bottom-line thinking and preventing and defusing major risks.” He said: “We must be highly alert to ‘black swan’ events, and also guard against ‘gray rhino’ events.”
He called on officials to “uphold bottom-line thinking, strengthen the sense of potential danger and raise the ability to prevent and control” risks.