At TU Dortmund, a term paper ends with a signed declaration. The student declares “an Eides statt,” in lieu of an oath, that the work was done independently and without improper help from others. The student also declares that no sources or aids other than those listed were used, and that all literal and paraphrased quotations are marked. The form warns that deception can be fined up to 50,000 euros. A false declaration in lieu of an oath can be punished with up to three years in prison or a fine.