In 220, the last Han emperor abdicated in favor of Cao Pi, king of Wei. The notes to the Records of the Three Kingdoms preserve the exchange. The emperor’s edict invoked the ancient ideal: “When the Great Way prevailed, the world was shared by all, and the worthy and able were chosen. So Yao did not keep the throne for his own son.”
Cao Pi declined again and again. At last his officials reported: “The mandate of the Han has now come four times, and Your Majesty has firmly declined each time.” They had already asked the court astronomer to choose an auspicious day. Cao Pi answered: “Agreed.” An altar was built at Fanyang, and he ascended it.