Charged in Defeat

In his memorial on setting out for war, Zhuge Liang recalled how he had served Liu Bei: “I took up my charge when the army was defeated, and I received orders in a time of danger.”

A second memorial, attributed to him, ends: “I will bend to the task and give my all until I die. Whether it succeeds or fails, goes well or badly, is beyond what my understanding can foresee.”

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