In the Global Innovation Index of 2025, published by WIPO, India ranked 38th of 139 economies. A year earlier it was 39th.
In 2020-21 India’s gross expenditure on research and development was estimated at 0.64 percent of GDP, according to PRS Legislative Research. As a share of GDP, it had been declining since 2009-10. A newer release of the Department of Science and Technology puts it at 0.83 percent for 2021-22.