On 15 April 2023, Germany switched off its last three nuclear reactors: Emsland, Neckarwestheim 2 and Isar 2. The Federal Agency for Civic Education wrote that this sealed an exit planned for more than twenty years. On 30 June 2011, the Bundestag had decided that the last reactors should be shut down by the end of 2022. Russia’s war against Ukraine raised doubts about energy security, and on 11 November 2022 the Bundestag voted to let the three run until 15 April 2023. The final shutdown remained disputed. The CDU and CSU wanted the plants kept in reserve so that they could return to the grid in an emergency. On 10 November 2023, the Bundestag rejected an AfD motion to reactivate the plants, with 550 votes against and 69 in favor. It also rejected an AfD bill to stop their dismantling, with 535 votes against.