Lohn
Wage. Duden defines it as payment for work done, often calculated by the hour. The word also means reward.
Gehalt
Salary, paid monthly to salaried employees.
Besoldung
The pay of a civil servant.
Sold
The pay of a soldier.
Diäten
The allowance of a member of parliament.
Honorar
The fee of a doctor, a lawyer or another member of the liberal professions. Duden traces it to the Latin honorarium, which it renders as Ehrensold, honorary pay.
Entgelt
The neutral legal word, used in collective agreements and in the Pay Transparency Act.