Subsidiarität, subsidiarity, means that what a smaller unit can do by itself should not be taken over by a larger one. A common short form is so niedrig wie möglich, so hoch wie nötig, as low as possible, as high as necessary. The classic formulation is in the papal encyclical Quadragesimo anno of 1931, which the Jesuit Oswald von Nell-Breuning and Gustav Gundlach drafted. The larger community may support the smaller one, but it darf sie aber niemals zerschlagen oder aufsaugen, may never smash or absorb it. Under Article 23 of the Basic Law, Germany takes part in building a European Union that is committed to the principle. German youth welfare law gives recognized independent providers priority over public ones.