Article 16 of Japan’s Labor Contract Act reads: Kaiko wa, kyakkanteki ni gōriteki na riyū o kaki, shakai tsūnenjō sōtō de aru to mitomerarenai baai wa, sono kenri o ran’yō shita mono to shite, mukō to suru. A dismissal that lacks objectively reasonable grounds and is not considered appropriate in light of general social norms is invalid as an abuse of rights.