Hoshino Sen’ichi managed three professional baseball teams, the Chunichi Dragons, the Hanshin Tigers and the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. As a manager, he was known for tekken seisai, punishment with the iron fist. Bunshun wrote that in those years this was not treated as a problem and seemed to be encouraged by society as a whole.
Hoshino himself said he used his fists “until the Chunichi years. Not at Hanshin. The people around me had become too noisy.”